Sheet piling



Nov. 22, 1932. H. M. KNIGHT 1,888,639

SHEET FILING Filed sept. 2, 195o 2 sheets-sheet 1 @www A INVENTOR SHEET FILING Filed Sept. 2, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet y2 .5 means of increasing theheight of such a pilel Patented Nov. 22, 1932 p UNITEDSTTES HERBERT KNIGHT, yor, mirank Monrcnam, NEW .mits-in?. L I i l l Application filed September Vmore specially to sheet-pile cores introduced iny levees to prevent seepage through such Y levee, and at the same time `provide'a. flexible core above the topfthereof as Will preyent over-topping of said levee by floods of superstafre extent. i

ne of the objects of the invention-is to provide a cap upon the top of a pile core, said cap having imbedded therein a means for holding a temporary stop-plank mechanism in position. Anotherobject of theinvention is to provide a rcap upon thefupper extremil5 ties `of such an interior pipe-core, saidfcap Aovercoming the inequalitiesin the,height Aliable to .occur in driving such sheet-piling. A further object of the invention" is to provide a means for temporarily holdingV in po- Vsition a forming means used lin connection with the pouring of such a cap'. Anotherv object ofthe invention is to lprovide amea-ns of prevent-ing seepage of Water between such a capv and the super-imposed Vstop-planks.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a holding means whereby said stopplanks are prevented fromv (floating "when rendered buoyant by rising Water. Still other objects of the invention'nwill` appear from the accompanying plans and specifications.

While the accompanying plans and speciication illustrate andV describe the preferred embodiment ,of the invention, they are illus- Vtrative only and are not tobe considered as indicating the only formk and application of the invention nor as excluding other forms Vandapjgicati'ons in which 'the invention can be used. Y, .i p n The drawings accompanying this application are 13 in number andare asfollows Y Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section on the line 1--1 of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a cross-sectionon the line 2 2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the lineB-S `oi' Fig. 2; Fig. '4 is a longitudinal section on the Aline 4-'4 of Fig.

2; Fig. 5'is a front elevation cfa/capping and stop-plank attachment to a'sheet pile core; F ig. vis al cross-sectionof4 a pile core with its cappingand stop-plank attachment; Fig.

2, 1930. Asemi im.Liramar `.'fis'a front elevation of the hollow attachment box on the feline 7T-7 of Fig. 9; Fg..8 'is a verticalsection of suchv an attachment box on theline 8-8 oi'Fig. 9; Fig. `9 is a horizontal sectionlof sucha box on the line 9-.9 of Fig. 7; Fig. "10 is avertical section of such a box von the line y10J-1010i Fig. 9; Fig. 11 is'a horizontal section of a pile Core on the y1in@ 11-` 11"0f-,Fig. 12'; Fig. 12 is a. trans.- 'verse section lof a pile core on the line 12-12 60 of Fig.11, and Fig. 13 is a face elevation of such a core. f f

i '.'Referring to thedrawings in which similar ..guresrefer to similar parts z--l `is aflevee, iin'vwhich has been drvena pre-cast vpilefcore ,65 -2,ihaving depressionsi in=the faces thereof. A -A mass concrete monolithic Lcap 41 is ypoured uponvan'daaroundthe heads ofthe piles so driven.,A Tie-rods 5, connecting said pre-cast piles and said cap, areinsertedV in theheads im. of said piles. Openend boxes6,vstaggered 'alternately yon opposite sides oi?` said: cap are introduced in advance of the pouring of said cap and become integral4 parts of 'said'.cap

.after pouring. VUpiights `7, areremovably V .connected `to said boxes by means of'bolts 8,

having heads" 9, which saidheads are capable of insertion Within. the hollow'ainteriorlO, j

rof said box, but Which cannot pass through the face slot 11. Nuts 12,'With washers V13, 8@ engage the outer face of said uprights and "removably attach said uprights to said boxes and said cap, the interiorhead of said bolt :being brought into contact With the interior face` 14, of said hollow interior of said box. '85 i Lugs 15,8With holes 16, `therein serve toy locate such boxes in position during the :.pouringof said-cap. A shelf 17, supports-said box on said pre-cast pile and a fin 18, enters adepressionf19, in said' pile, therebyflocatingsaid 90* boxes longitudinally of said pile. A depression`20,`.is formed in the top of said cap.

Holes 21, are cast in said pile for tie-irons.

Other holes 22,1arencast in "said piles orthe insertion of'adog`28,adaptedto support. a 95 .sill 24;, Which-facts asa supporting medium for faceformsfor use in lpouring said. cap. M

{Longitudinallyl oppositely oset extensions 25, yand 26,- areformed in .said pre-cast piles, said extensionson opposite edges-of adjoining piles, overlapping. 'Re-entrant grooves 27, are juxtaposed in said overlapping extensions and keys 28, are inserted in said grooves attaching saidvadjacentvpiles together both Vlaterally and'longitudinally. Bevelled corners 29, are provided on the corners of the piles. y l

Spreaders 30, separate said uprights from face-platesl 31, .bolts 32, attaching said uprights, spreadersl and faceeplates together. Stop-planks 38, are inserted in' the space between said face-plates, the bottom of said stop-planks being housed in said depression of saidcap. Grrooves,k and bevels 34, serve to prevent a straight through joint between adl Fastening means 35, 'prevent the dislodgmen't of said stop-planks.

, Wash-pipe grooves 36, are provided at the heads of said piles. A

yF or the protection V'ofvjareas subject to periodic floods, f levees are` constructed of 'earth lAs a `means of strengthening said earthen levees core-wall* is introduced, which acts both as ameans of added strength .i ,i vand also as an impervious layer,:preventing infiltrationwith consequent softening of the levee material and subsequent erosion and Vwashing away. OftentimesV however floods -of-greater or unprecedented heightV rise Ato'or 'above the top of such an .earthen levee and it thereafter becomes useless `as a` flood prevention means. 'As' a temporary andi emergencyexpedienttheheight of-such levees is raised by means of sand bags or -otherqnickly f applied remedies, butsuch eiforts are quite .oftenineffectiveasa complete protection against overtopping of a levee structure by an extremeflood. Y y I e c ,Y V"'*llnsmnvention provi-des anl entirely satisfactory Vmeans for preventing the overtopping of a levee, whether the flood stage be nsual or extreme, with vthe advantage that after'the passing of the flood stage the extraordinary means employed may Ybe -removed, and storedr against a further demand for Yits replacement. At the same time the invention provides a perfectly impervious and indestructible Vcentre core, preventingV the seepage of water through theflevee, land. .likewise the boring of rodents or similar ani-` Y finals therethrough, which latter results in i holes being made in the levee through which structure.

the water enters andrapidly disintegrates the The essential feature sists in a meansof rapidly attaching to and detaohing from theV central impervious core av stopepljan'k structure whichcan be proygressively added to the 'top of `the levee .as

- increasing height of flood, .and the subsequent receding thereof,mrake desirable ornecessary. The method of attachment fand detachment of i such Stopp-plank* structure is ex'oeedinglysimple'and-renuires neither great skill nor .ma-V clmiery.v 'The pou-red "concrete'cap in which l and at the Sametime decrease the skin `friction during driving. vThese sheet-pilesl are lis poured around and upon the tops of said piles, binding them together. and oering an 5 dog-'hole being preferablysquare of this invention conl 'anchors Vthestop-planks Vto the cap, but in j'addition seals the'point of connection of the are imbedded the attachment boxes, overcomes slight variations in the elevation of the tops of the pre-cast pile core and offers a very satisfactory base for thestop-plank structure. vIn the operation of installing` such a structure, a sheet-pile core, preferably of pre-cast preferably, though l.not necessarily, of the lapped variety, and are connected together Y withkeys, such connection aiding in preservingthe alignment of the piles while they are being driven,'while they strengthen andholdsr5 the pile structure inposition after driving,

and at the same time make the core imperviousV and remove the objection to,` al pile'structure with a straightjoint therethrough. The

rpiles are driven vin advance of the pouring of C20 the cap. In the driving'of such piles a wash-L pipe is usually employed, such wash-pipe being introduced into the key-,way through a .wash-pipe lgroove at. the top of the. pile and below the headthereof, such provision per- 3,5 mitting Yof the economical and rapidinser- .tion and removal Vof'such wash-pipe, and at :the same time preventing `interference of said wash-pipe' with wthe pipe 'driving hammer.

, The pilesare driven'to substantially even @m0 yde'pth'sso that their heads will be at approximately an'- even top elevation. After` the driving of the pile core, a mass concrete cap even bed for the superimposed stop-planks. e The following means are lprovided to-'make the placing .of this cap rapid and economical, `A dog-hole is cast in the face-.of thepile, said dog-hole'is driven a steel dog, usuallywith a square shank and adapted to engage .and bind with the edgesand interior surfaces of -said hole. .Upon the ydogs is laid -asill adapted' to rest upon the dogs, vand at the saine;115 time that it becomes the bottom form for the superimposed cap itis designed to `engage the side forms required-to retain; kthe saidV cap while it is in a plastic state. yThe said cap is provided and anchor the bottom member of the stopplank assemblage.` This :depression not only cap andthe lowest 'stopeplankm-'emben thereby creating a water tight joint, preventingk seepage, or passage of Water therethrough, w" For the'purpose ofk intimately uniting, the sheet-,pile fcore Aand `-:the superimposedf@ so y IntoV this no i Vwith a delires-C120V sion, in the top thereof ladapted lto receive Y extending throughout the height or'` the said uprights.

cap, holes are cast through said sheet-piles, into which re-inforcing bars are inserted.. The lower ends of these bars are bent normal to the length of these re-iiiforcingbars, and serve to engage the concrete ot' lthe cap so as to unite the pile and the cap together.

An open ended metal box is cast into and with the superimposed cap, said box having a slot on the outer or exposed face thereof box. rIhe slot is wie-e enough to pe shank of a bolt to enter and slide thereY itis so narrow as to prevent the pass g the head attached to said shank. rlhe int-erior area. of the box is slightly larger than the size of the bolt-head. Except for the open upper end and the face slot the box is entirely enclosed. Perforated lugs in the face thereoiiserve to temporarily hold the box in position during the pouring);l oiV the concrete., while back lugs engage with th mass concrete and prevent the displacement of the box after the pouring" of the cap. To position the box accurately a shelf cast upon the back which rests upon the top oi?-` the prescast sheet-pile core. and a ii'unrojects from the back of the box which lits into a slot cast into the head of the sheet-pile. .By means of this iin and slot the boxes are automatically and accurately located on opnosite sides of the sheet-pile core, and the she-li resting upon the heads `ot the piles serves immediately to locate the boxes in a vertical position.

Uprights are provided which are connected to face-plates aga/inst which the stepplanks directly rest. On l*account of the width of the cap, and in order to secure as light weight as isk consistent with strength in the members to be assembled at the time of Hood, spreaders are employed to separate the uprights and Y:tace-plates at their proper distance apart, so that stop-planks can be opposite and staggered Vfaceplates. Uprights, spreaders and face-plates are rigidly connected together by bolts passing through all three members, the heads of said bolts nuts and washers on the outer'face of said The face-plates are vusually or' such length as that when they are in position on the levee their lowerends rest upon the upper surface of the superimposed cam. The i uprights are longer than the face-plates, and their lower ends have bolts therein the heads of which are adapted to enter the hollow inner area of the box while the shank of said bolt passes through the slot in the outer tace of said box. The nut on the outer end of said bolt is adapted to engage, through a washer, with the outer face of said upright, tightening said nut, after the head thereof has entered said box, serving. to rigidly attach said upright with its connected spreader and faceserved against afuture need.V f The stop-planks which are inserted between thereofffor plate tosaid cap and sheet-pile core, they thereby becoming capable of 'sustaining the pressure due to the head of water createdby ythe extreme floodfstag'd'thereby preventing the overtopping of the levee andv its'sheet-pile 70 core7 and preventing inun'dation'. Loosening the aforesaid outer nut permits the removal of the upright and itslattached spreader and face-plate, when they can be removed and-pre-V thefopposite and staggered face-plates have` 'i their edges grooved and beveled or otherwise similarly treated to prevent a 4straight through joint, which would permit easy iniil- .8 0 tration of water. Means farep'rovidedrto connect the stop-planksy and face-plates, thereby *overcoming the effect offbuo'yancyLand preventing the floating or'mo'ving upwardly of said stop-planks, Vdue'i'to they `rising floodv8-5fwaters l What I claim isi'- i f f1. In a structure of the class described,

the combinationof pre-cast pile s,-a mass con-v `V crete cap engaging the tops' of said piles and a stop-plank structure superimposed' upon said cap and removably connected thereto;

2. Infa' structure of `vthe class described,

`the combination off`precast pilesjafinass 'concrete cap engaging the .tops of 's ai`d'piles,`9.5 a stop-plank structure superimposed upon Y saidcap and removably'connectedthe'reto and saidca'p havinga depression engagingf saidVV y.stop-plank structure.V 3; Ina levee`system,a` corewalha massimo :concrete cap on said core-wall and boxes in said cap. Q i

ill. Inalevee system, a core-walha mass concrete cap on said core-wall `and boxes in `said cap, saidboxes being Positioned Merli m5 natelyon opposite sidesot said cap. U 5. In a levee system, a coreewall, a mass snugly inserted between the iiner faces of concrete? Cap onisald 09%Wall and boxesm b d said cap, said boxes-being open upwardly. d

V 6. In alevee system', a core-wall, a mass 110 coiicretecap on said core-wall and boxes in said ca being housed in the face-plates, Vand having faces thereof p, said boxes having a slot in the'outer 7. In alevee system, ai'core-walha mass concrete capV on said core-wall and boxes iufm;A lsaid cap, said boxes'havin'ga shelf on the backs thereof` for positioning theboxes with respect to the wall. Y V8.- Ina levee system, a core-wall, a mass.

concrete cap on said core-wall and boxes in'illzo -the combination of pre-cast piles, amass con- 125 Vcrete cap engaging the tops ofsaid piles, tie- ;rojds' engaging said piles andsaid. caps, and

a stop-plank structuresuperimposed upon said cap andremovablyconnected thereto.

10. In a structurev of the class described,`-13

A' e ,Y y Lilgfiasso itheiconibination :of `pre-cast piles,'a mass icon- Ycrete ycap .engaging the tops of vsaid piles, `boxes inwsaid caps, uprights removably fatitached to said boxes, faceplates connected to '51said luprights, said uprights yand said facesite isidesiofsaidcap and ,stop-planks superimposed `upon said cap and yabutting upon .-s`aidace-plates.n 1 v f 1l. In a Vstructure of the class described, `the.coinbnation of pre-,cast piles, a Vmass Con- @crete `Cap vengaging the tops of said piles,l boxes in said caps, uprightsrernovably at- -tached .to said boxes, face-plates connected Ito `said yuprights, said yuprights and said .faceplatesbeing Vpositioned alternately on ,oppos e s ite sides of-said cap,-the upper surface of Ysaid cap having :et-.depression and stop-planks registeringin said depression vand abutting Y'520 upon said face-.Plates V12. In a structure of the class described, the combination of pre-.cast piles, a mass'concretefcap'engaging thevtops of said piles,

boxes in said caps, uprights removably aty g5 tached to saidboxes, face-plates connected to said uprights, said uprights andl saidftaceplatesbeing` positioned alternately on oppo- N site sides of said cap, thel upper Vsurface of saidrcap having a depression, stop-planks fgo registering in said depression yand abutting upon said face-platesand vmeans preventing the `flotation of said stop-planks.y f 13..Ina levee system, a sheet-pilel'core said piles as units, consisting of a vcentral Fili portion-and oiisetoppositely disposed edge portions, said edge portions of adj acent piles overlapping in a direction longitudinal to said core, said overlapping edge portionsfhav- H ing juxtaposed 11e-entrant grooves,keys in i540 said renentrant grooves andthe'heads of said piles having jin notches, Athereby spaced at V`regular intervals in the head of the said core.

l 14;. InY a levee system, a sheet-pile vcore, said piles'consisting of a central portion and (ffii oifsetoppositely disposed edge portions, said vedge portions of adjacent piles overlapping ina direction longitudinal to'. said core,l`said overlapping edge portions having juxt aposed Y re-entrant grooves, keys in said re-entrant IO grooves and theheaClS Of Said piles having Y d0g'holesf, thereby spaced at regular intervals in the head of said core. e

15. In a structure of the class described, the combination of pre-cast piles, overlapping 55 edge portions of said piles, juxtaposed reentrant'grooves in said overlappingedges, keys in said re-entrant grooves, a mass concrete cap engaging the tops of said piles, boxes in said'eap, .uprights removably attached to said boxes, face-plates connected to said uprights and stop-planks Vsuperimposed upon said cap and abutting upon said face-plates.

HERBERT M. KNIGHT.

plates 4being positioned alternately on oppo- Y i 

